---

InstructionList.java

package de.fub.bytecode.generic;

import de.fub.bytecode.Constants;
import de.fub.bytecode.util.ByteSequence;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Vector;

/** 
 * This class is a container for a list of `Instruction's, instructions can
 * be appended, inserted, deleted, etc.. Instructions are being wrapped into
 * InstructionHandle objects that are returned upon append/insert operations.
 * They give the user (read only) access to the list structure, it can be
 * traversed and manipulated in a controlled way.
 *
 * A list is finally dumped to a byte code array with `getByteCode'.
 *
 * @version $Id: InstructionList.java,v 1.1.1.1 2002/01/24 03:44:06 pserver Exp $
 * @author  <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~dahm">M. Dahm</A>
 * @see     Instruction
 * @see     InstructionHandle
 * @see     BranchHandle
 */
public class InstructionList implements Constants, Serializable {
  private InstructionHandle start  = null, end = null;
  private int               length = 0; // number of elements in list
  private int[]             byte_positions; // byte code offsets corresponding to instructions
  /**
   * Create (empty) instruction list.
   */
  public InstructionList() {}  
  /**
   * Initialize instruction list from byte array.
   *
   * @param code byte array containing the instructions
   */
  public InstructionList(byte[] code) {
    ByteSequence        bytes = new ByteSequence(code);
    InstructionHandle[] ihs   = new InstructionHandle[code.length];
    int[]               pos   = new int[code.length]; // Can't be more than that
    int                 count = 0; // Contains actual length

    /* Pass 1: Create an object for each byte code and append them
     * to the list.
     */
    try {
      while(bytes.available() > 0) {
    // Remember byte offset and associate it with the instruction
    int off =  bytes.getIndex();
    pos[count] = off;
    
    /* Read one instruction from the byte stream, the byte position, i.e.
     * setPosition() will be called automatically.
     */
    Instruction       i = Instruction.readInstruction(bytes);
    InstructionHandle ih;
    if(i instanceof BranchInstruction) // Use proper append() method
      ih = append((BranchInstruction)i);
    else
      ih = append(i);

    ih.setPosition(off);
    ihs[count] = ih;
    
    count++;
      }
    } catch(IOException e) { throw new ClassGenException(e.toString()); }

    byte_positions = pos; // Update byte offsets

    /* Pass 2: Look for BranchInstruction and update their targets, i.e.
     * convert offsets to instruction handles.
     */
    for(int i=0; i < count; i++) {
      if(ihs[i] instanceof BranchHandle) {
    BranchInstruction bi = (BranchInstruction)ihs[i].instruction;
    int target = bi.position + bi.getIndex(); /* Byte code position:
                           * relative -> absolute. */
    // Search for target position
    InstructionHandle ih = findHandle(ihs, pos, count, target);

    if(ih == null) // Search failed
      throw new ClassGenException("Couldn't find target instruction: " + bi);
    
    bi.setTarget(ih); // Update target
    
    // If it is a Select instruction, update all branch targets
    if(bi instanceof Select) { // Either LOOKUPSWITCH or TABLESWITCH
          Select s       = (Select)bi;
          int[]  indices = s.getIndices();
      
      for(int j=0; j < indices.length; j++) {
        target = bi.position + indices[j];
        ih     = findHandle(ihs, pos, count, target);
        
        if(ih == null) // Search failed
          throw new ClassGenException("Couldn't find instruction target: " + bi);

        s.setTarget(j, ih); // Update target      
      }
    }
      }
    }
  }  
  /**
   * Create instruction list containing one instruction.
   * @param i initial instruction
   */
  public InstructionList(BranchInstruction i) {
    append(i);
  }  
  /**
   * Initialize list with (nonnull) compound instruction. Consumes argument
   * list, i.e. it becomes empty.
   *
   * @param c compound instruction (list)
   */
  public InstructionList(CompoundInstruction c) {
    append(c.getInstructionList());
  }  
  /**
   * Create instruction list containing one instruction.
   * @param i initial instruction
   */
  public InstructionList(Instruction i) {
    append(i);
  }  
  /**
   * Append a branch instruction to the end of this list.
   *
   * @param i branch instruction to append
   * @return branch instruction handle of the appended instruction
   */
  public BranchHandle append(BranchInstruction i) {
    BranchHandle ih = BranchHandle.getBranchHandle(i);
    append(ih);

    return ih;
  }  
  /**
   * Append a compound instruction.
   *
   * @param c The composite instruction (containing an InstructionList)
   * @return instruction handle of the first appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(CompoundInstruction c) {
    return append(c.getInstructionList()); 
  }  
  /**
   * Append an instruction to the end of this list.
   *
   * @param i instruction to append
   * @return instruction handle of the appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(Instruction i) {
    InstructionHandle ih = InstructionHandle.getInstructionHandle(i);
    append(ih);

    return ih;
  }  
  /**
   * Append a compound instruction, after instruction i.
   *
   * @param i Instruction in list
   * @param c The composite instruction (containing an InstructionList)
   * @return instruction handle of the first appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(Instruction i, CompoundInstruction c) { 
    return append(i, c.getInstructionList()); 
  }  
  /**
   * Append a single instruction j after another instruction i, which
   * must be in this list of course!
   *
   * @param i Instruction in list
   * @param j Instruction to append after i in list
   * @return instruction handle of the first appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(Instruction i, Instruction j) {
    return append(i, new InstructionList(j)); 
  }  
  /**
   * Append another list after instruction i contained in this list.
   * Consumes argument list, i.e. it becomes empty.
   *
   * @param i  where to append the instruction list 
   * @param il Instruction list to append to this one
   * @return instruction handle pointing to the <B>first</B> appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(Instruction i, InstructionList il) {
    InstructionHandle ih;

    if((ih = findInstruction2(i)) == null) // Also applies for empty list
      throw new ClassGenException("Instruction " + i +
                  " is not contained in this list.");

    return append(ih, il);
  }  
  /**
   * Append an instruction to the end of this list.
   *
   * @param ih instruction to append
   */
  private void append(InstructionHandle ih) {
    if(isEmpty()) {
      start = end = ih;
      ih.next = ih.prev = null;
    }
    else {
      end.next = ih;
      ih.prev  = end;
      ih.next  = null;
      end      = ih;
    }
    
    length++; // Update length
  }  
  /**
   * Append an instruction after instruction (handle) ih contained in this list.
   *
   * @param ih where to append the instruction list 
   * @param i Instruction to append
   * @return instruction handle pointing to the <B>first</B> appended instruction
   */
  public BranchHandle append(InstructionHandle ih, BranchInstruction i) {
    BranchHandle    bh = BranchHandle.getBranchHandle(i);
    InstructionList il = new InstructionList();
    il.append(bh);

    append(ih, il);

    return bh;
  }  
  /**
   * Append a compound instruction.
   *
   * @param ih where to append the instruction list 
   * @param c The composite instruction (containing an InstructionList)
   * @return instruction handle of the first appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(InstructionHandle ih, CompoundInstruction c) {
    return append(ih, c.getInstructionList()); 
  }  
  /**
   * Append an instruction after instruction (handle) ih contained in this list.
   *
   * @param ih where to append the instruction list 
   * @param i Instruction to append
   * @return instruction handle pointing to the <B>first</B> appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(InstructionHandle ih, Instruction i) {
    return append(ih, new InstructionList(i));
  }  
  /**
   * Append another list after instruction (handle) ih contained in this list.
   * Consumes argument list, i.e. it becomes empty.
   *
   * @param ih where to append the instruction list 
   * @param il Instruction list to append to this one
   * @return instruction handle pointing to the <B>first</B> appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(InstructionHandle ih,
                    InstructionList il) {
    if(il == null)
      throw new ClassGenException("Appending null InstructionList");

    if(il.isEmpty()) // Nothing to do
      return ih;

    InstructionHandle next = ih.next, ret = il.start;

    ih.next = il.start;
    il.start.prev = ih;

    il.end.next = next;

    if(next != null) // i == end ?
      next.prev = il.end;
    else
      end = il.end; // Update end ...

    length += il.length; // Update length

    il.clear();

    return ret;
  }  
  /**
   * Append another list to this one.
   *
   * @param il list to append to end of this list
   * @return instruction handle of the <B>first</B> appended instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle append(InstructionList il) {
    if(il == null)
      throw new ClassGenException("Appending null InstructionList");

    if(il.isEmpty()) // Nothing to do
      return null;

    if(isEmpty()) {
      start  = il.start;
      end    = il.end;
      length = il.length;

      il.clear();

      return start;
    }
    else
      return append(end, il);  // was end.instruction
  }  
  private void clear() {
    start = end = null;
    length = 0;
  }  
  public boolean contains(Instruction i) {
    return findInstruction1(i) != null;
  }  
  public boolean contains(InstructionHandle i) {
    for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next)
      if(ih == i)
    return true;

    return false;
  }  
  /**
   * @return complete, i.e. deep copy of this list
   */
  public InstructionList copy() {
    Hashtable       map = new Hashtable();
    InstructionList il  = new InstructionList();

    /* Pass 1: Make copies of all instructions, append them to the new list
     * and associate old instruction references with the new ones, i.e.
     * a 1:1 mapping.
     */
    for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next) {
      Instruction i = ih.instruction;
      Instruction c = i.copy(); // Use clone for shallow copy

      map.put(ih, il.append(c));
    }
    
    /* Pass 2: Update branch targets.
     */
    InstructionHandle ih=start;
    InstructionHandle ch=il.start;

    while(ih != null) {
      Instruction i = ih.instruction;
      Instruction c = ch.instruction;

      if(i instanceof BranchInstruction) {
    BranchInstruction bi      = (BranchInstruction)i;
    BranchInstruction bc      = (BranchInstruction)c;
    InstructionHandle itarget = bi.getTarget(); // old target

    // New target is in hash map
    bc.setTarget((InstructionHandle)map.get(itarget));

    if(bi instanceof Select) { // Either LOOKUPSWITCH or TABLESWITCH
      InstructionHandle[] itargets = ((Select)bi).getTargets();
      InstructionHandle[] ctargets = ((Select)bc).getTargets();
      
      for(int j=0; j < itargets.length; j++) { // Update all targets
        ctargets[j] = (InstructionHandle)map.get(itargets[j]);
      }
    }
      }

      ih = ih.next;
      ch = ch.next;
    }

    return il;
  }  
  /**
   * Remove instruction from this list. The coresponding Instruction
   * handles must not be reused!
   *
   * @param i instruction to remove
   */
  public void delete(Instruction i) throws TargetLostException {
    InstructionHandle ih;

    if((ih = findInstruction1(i)) == null)
      throw new ClassGenException("Instruction " + i +
                  " is not contained in this list.");
    delete(ih);
  }  
  /**
   * Remove instructions from instruction `from' to instruction `to' contained
   * in this list. The user must ensure that `from' is an instruction before
   * `to', or risk havoc. The coresponding Instruction handles must not be reused!
   *
   * @param from where to start deleting (inclusive)
   * @param to   where to end deleting (inclusive)
   */
  public void delete(Instruction from, Instruction to) throws TargetLostException {
    InstructionHandle from_ih, to_ih;

    if((from_ih = findInstruction1(from)) == null)
      throw new ClassGenException("Instruction " + from +
                  " is not contained in this list.");

    if((to_ih = findInstruction2(to)) == null)
      throw new ClassGenException("Instruction " + to +
                  " is not contained in this list.");
    delete(from_ih, to_ih);
  }  
  /**
   * Remove instruction from this list. The coresponding Instruction
   * handles must not be reused!
   *
   * @param ih instruction (handle) to remove 
   */
  public void delete(InstructionHandle ih) throws TargetLostException {
    remove(ih.prev, ih.next);
  }  
  /**
   * Remove instructions from instruction `from' to instruction `to' contained
   * in this list. The user must ensure that `from' is an instruction before
   * `to', or risk havoc. The coresponding Instruction handles must not be reused!
   *
   * @param from where to start deleting (inclusive)
   * @param to   where to end deleting (inclusive)
   */
  public void delete(InstructionHandle from, InstructionHandle to)
    throws TargetLostException
  {
    remove(from.prev, to.next);
  }  
  /**
   * Delete contents of list. Provides besser memory utilization,
   * because the system then reuses the instruction handles. This method
   * is typically called right after MethodGen.getMethod().
   */
  public void dispose() {
    // Traverse in reverse order, because ih.next is overwritten
    for(InstructionHandle ih=end; ih != null; ih = ih.prev)
      /* Causes BranchInstructions to release target and targeters, because it
       * calls dispose() on the contained instruction.
       */
      ih.dispose();

    clear();
  }  
  /**
   * @return Enumeration that lists all instructions (handles)
   */
  public Enumeration elements() {
    return new Enumeration() {
      private InstructionHandle ih = start;

      public Object nextElement() {
    InstructionHandle i = ih;
    ih = ih.next;
    return i;
      }

      public boolean hasMoreElements() { return ih != null; }
    };
  }  
  /**
   * Find the target instruction (handle) that corresponds to the given target
   * position (byte code offset).
   *
   * @param ihs array of instruction handles
   * @param pos array of positions corresponding to ihs
   * @param count length of arrays
   * @param target target position to search for
   * @return target position's instruction handle if available
   */
  public static InstructionHandle findHandle(InstructionHandle[] ihs,
                         int[] pos, int count,
                         int target) {
    int l=0, r = count - 1;
    
    /* Do a binary search since the pos array is orderd.
     */
    do {
      int i = (l + r) / 2;
      int j = pos[i];

      if(j == target) // target found
    return ihs[i];
      else if(target < j) // else constrain search area
    r = i - 1;
      else // target > j
    l = i + 1;
    } while(l <= r);

    return null;
  }  
  /**
   * Get instruction handle for instruction at byte code position pos.
   * This only works, if the list is freshly initialized from a byte array or
   * setPositions() has been called before this method.
   *
   * @param pos byte code position to search for
   * @return target position's instruction handle if available
   */
  public InstructionHandle findHandle(int pos) {
    InstructionHandle[] ihs = getInstructionHandles();
    return findHandle(ihs, byte_positions, length, pos);
  }  
  /**
   * Search for given Instruction reference, start at beginning of list.
   *
   * @param i instruction to search for
   * @return instruction found on success, null otherwise
   */
  private InstructionHandle findInstruction1(Instruction i) {
    for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next)
      if(ih.instruction == i)
    return ih;

    return null;
  }  
  /**
   * Search for given Instruction reference, start at end of list
   *
   * @param i instruction to search for
   * @return instruction found on success, null otherwise
   */
  private InstructionHandle findInstruction2(Instruction i) {
    for(InstructionHandle ih=end; ih != null; ih = ih.prev)
      if(ih.instruction == i)
    return ih;

    return null;
  }  
  /**
   * @return The byte code!
   */
  public byte[] getByteCode() {
    // Update position indices of instructions
    setPositions();

    ByteArrayOutputStream b   = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    DataOutputStream      out = new DataOutputStream(b);

    try {
      for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next) {
    Instruction i = ih.instruction;
    i.dump(out); // Traverse list
      }
    } catch(IOException e) { 
      System.err.println(e);
      return null;
    }

    return b.toByteArray();
  }  
  /**
   * @return end of list
   */
  public InstructionHandle getEnd()   { return end; }  
  /**
   * @return array containing all instructions (handles)
   */
  public InstructionHandle[] getInstructionHandles() {
    InstructionHandle[] ihs = new InstructionHandle[length];
    InstructionHandle   ih  = start;

    for(int i=0; i < length; i++) {
      ihs[i] = ih;
      ih = ih.next;
    }

    return ihs;
  }  
  /**
   * Get positions (offsets) of all instructions in the list. This relies on that
   * the list has been freshly created from an byte code array, or that setPositions()
   * has been called. Otherwise this may be inaccurate.
   *
   * @return array containing all instruction's offset in byte code
   */
  public int[] getInstructionPositions() { return byte_positions; }  
  /**
   * @return length of list (Number of instructions, not bytes)
   */
  public int getLength() { return length; }  
//    /** Reuse handles when GC is issued.
//     */
//    protected void finalize() {
//      if(end != null) // Already disposed?
//        dispose();
//    }

  /**
   * @return start of list
   */
  public InstructionHandle getStart() { return start; }  
  /**
   * Insert a branch instruction at start of this list.
   *
   * @param i branch instruction to insert
   * @return branch instruction handle of the appended instruction
   */
  public BranchHandle insert(BranchInstruction i) {
    BranchHandle ih = BranchHandle.getBranchHandle(i);
    insert(ih);
    return ih;
  }  
  /**
   * Insert a compound instruction.
   *
   * @param c The composite instruction (containing an InstructionList)
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(CompoundInstruction c) {
    return insert(c.getInstructionList()); 
  }  
  /**
   * Insert an instruction at start of this list.
   *
   * @param i instruction to insert
   * @return instruction handle of the inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(Instruction i) {
    InstructionHandle ih = InstructionHandle.getInstructionHandle(i);
    insert(ih);

    return ih;
  }  
  /**
   * Insert a compound instruction before instruction i.
   *
   * @param i Instruction in list
   * @param c The composite instruction (containing an InstructionList)
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(Instruction i, CompoundInstruction c) { 
    return insert(i, c.getInstructionList()); 
  }  
  /**
   * Insert a single instruction j before another instruction i, which
   * must be in this list of course!
   *
   * @param i Instruction in list
   * @param j Instruction to insert before i in list
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(Instruction i, Instruction j) {
    return insert(i, new InstructionList(j));
  }  
  /**
   * Insert another list before Instruction i contained in this list.
   * Consumes argument list, i.e. it becomes empty.
   *
   * @param i  where to append the instruction list 
   * @param il Instruction list to insert
   * @return instruction handle pointing to the first inserted instruction,
   * i.e. il.getStart()
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(Instruction i, InstructionList il) {
    InstructionHandle ih;

    if((ih = findInstruction1(i)) == null)
      throw new ClassGenException("Instruction " + i +
                  " is not contained in this list.");
    
    return insert(ih, il);
  }  
  /**
   * Insert an instruction at start of this list.
   *
   * @param ih instruction to insert
   */
  private void insert(InstructionHandle ih) {
    if(isEmpty()) {
      start = end = ih;
      ih.next = ih.prev = null;
    }
    else {
      start.prev = ih;
      ih.next    = start;
      ih.prev    = null;
      start      = ih;
    }

    length++;
  }  
  /**
   * Insert an instruction before instruction (handle) ih contained in this list.
   *
   * @param ih where to insert to the instruction list 
   * @param i Instruction to insert
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public BranchHandle insert(InstructionHandle ih, BranchInstruction i) {
    BranchHandle    bh = BranchHandle.getBranchHandle(i);
    InstructionList il = new InstructionList();
    il.append(bh);

    insert(ih, il);

    return bh;
  }  
  /**
   * Insert a compound instruction.
   *
   * @param ih where to insert the instruction list 
   * @param c The composite instruction (containing an InstructionList)
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(InstructionHandle ih, CompoundInstruction c) {
    return insert(ih, c.getInstructionList()); 
  }  
  /**
   * Insert an instruction before instruction (handle) ih contained in this list.
   *
   * @param ih where to insert to the instruction list 
   * @param i Instruction to insert
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(InstructionHandle ih, Instruction i) {
    return insert(ih, new InstructionList(i));
  }  
  /**
   * Insert another list before Instruction handle ih contained in this list.
   * Consumes argument list, i.e. it becomes empty.
   *
   * @param i  where to append the instruction list 
   * @param il Instruction list to insert
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(InstructionHandle ih, InstructionList il) {
    if(il == null)
      throw new ClassGenException("Inserting null InstructionList");

    if(il.isEmpty()) // Nothing to do
      return ih;

    InstructionHandle prev = ih.prev, ret = il.start;

    ih.prev = il.end;
    il.end.next = ih;

    il.start.prev = prev;

    if(prev != null) // ih == start ?
      prev.next = il.start;
    else
      start = il.start; // Update start ...

    length += il.length; // Update length

    il.clear();

    return ret;
  }  
  /**
   * Insert another list.   
   *
   * @param il list to insert before start of this list
   * @return instruction handle of the first inserted instruction
   */
  public InstructionHandle insert(InstructionList il) {
    if(isEmpty()) {
      append(il); // Code is identical for this case
      return start;
    }
    else
      return insert(start, il); 
  }  
  /**
   * Test for empty list.
   */
  public boolean isEmpty() { return start == null; } // && end == null    
  /**
   * Redirect all references from old_target to new_target, i.e. update targets 
   * of branch instructions.
   *
   * @@param old_target the old target instruction handle
   * @@param new_target the new target instruction handle
   */
  public void redirectBranches(InstructionHandle old_target, 
                   InstructionHandle new_target) {
    for(InstructionHandle ih = start; ih != null; ih = ih.next) {
      Instruction i  = ih.getInstruction();

      if(i instanceof BranchInstruction) {
    BranchInstruction b      = (BranchInstruction)i;
    InstructionHandle target = b.getTarget();

    if(target == old_target)
      b.setTarget(new_target);

    if(b instanceof Select) { // Either LOOKUPSWITCH or TABLESWITCH
      InstructionHandle[] targets = ((Select)b).getTargets();
      
      for(int j=0; j < targets.length; j++) // Update targets
        if(targets[j] == old_target)
          targets[j] = new_target;
    }
      }
    }
  }  
  /**
   * Redirect all references of exception handlers from old_target to new_target.
   *
   * @@param exceptions array of exception handlers
   * @@param old_target the old target instruction handle
   * @@param new_target the new target instruction handle
   * @@see MethodGen
   */
  public void redirectExceptionHandlers(CodeExceptionGen[] exceptions,
                    InstructionHandle old_target, 
                    InstructionHandle new_target) {
    for(int i=0; i < exceptions.length; i++) {
      if(exceptions[i].getStartPC() == old_target)
    exceptions[i].setStartPC(new_target);

      if(exceptions[i].getEndPC() == old_target)
    exceptions[i].setEndPC(new_target);

      if(exceptions[i].getHandlerPC() == old_target)
    exceptions[i].setHandlerPC(new_target);
    }
  }  
  /**
   * Redirect all references of local variables from old_target to new_target.
   *
   * @@param lg array of local variables
   * @@param old_target the old target instruction handle
   * @@param new_target the new target instruction handle
   * @@see MethodGen
   */
  public void redirectLocalVariables(LocalVariableGen[] lg,
                     InstructionHandle old_target, 
                     InstructionHandle new_target) {
    for(int i=0; i < lg.length; i++) {
      InstructionHandle start = lg[i].getStart();
      InstructionHandle end   = lg[i].getEnd();
      
      if(start == old_target)
    lg[i].setStart(new_target);

      if(end == old_target)
    lg[i].setEnd(new_target);
    }
  }  
  /**
   * Remove from instruction `prev' to instruction `next' both contained
   * in this list. Throws TargetLostException when one of the removed instruction handles
   * is still being targeted.
   *
   * @param prev where to start deleting (predecessor, exclusive)
   * @param next where to end deleting (successor, exclusive)
   */
  private void remove(InstructionHandle prev, InstructionHandle next)
    throws TargetLostException
  {
    InstructionHandle first, last; // First and last deleted instruction

    if((prev == null) && (next == null)) { // singleton list
      first = last = start;
      start = end = null;
    } else {
      if(prev == null) { // At start of list
    first = start;
    start = next;
      } else {
    first     = prev.next;
    prev.next = next;
      }
      
      if(next == null) { // At end of list
    last = end;
    end  = prev;
      } else {
    last      = next.prev;
    next.prev = prev;
      }
    }

    first.prev = null; // Completely separated from rest of list
    last.next  = null;

    Vector target_vec = new Vector();

    for(InstructionHandle ih=first; ih != null; ih = ih.next)
      ih.getInstruction().dispose(); // e.g. BranchInstructions release their targets

    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("{ ");
    for(InstructionHandle ih=first; ih != null; ih = next) {
      next = ih.next;
      length--;
    
      if(ih.hasTargeters()) { // Still got targeters?
    target_vec.addElement(ih);
    buf.append(ih.toString(true) + " ");
    ih.next = ih.prev = null;
      } else
    ih.dispose();
    }

    buf.append("}");

    if(!target_vec.isEmpty()) {
      InstructionHandle[] targeted = new InstructionHandle[target_vec.size()];
      target_vec.copyInto(targeted);
      throw new TargetLostException(targeted, buf.toString());
    }
  }  
  public void setPositions() {
    setPositions(false);
  }  
  /**
   * Give all instructions their position number (offset in byte stream), i.e.
   * make the list ready to be dumped.
   *
   * @param check Perform sanity checks, e.g. if all targeted instructions really belong
   * to this list
   */
  public void setPositions(boolean check) {
    int max_additional_bytes = 0, additional_bytes = 0;
    int index = 0, count = 0;
    int[] pos = new int[length];

    /* Pass 0: Sanity checks
     */
    if(check) {
      for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next) {
    Instruction i = ih.instruction;

    if(i instanceof BranchInstruction) { // target instruction within list?
      Instruction inst = ((BranchInstruction)i).getTarget().instruction;
      if(!contains(inst))
        throw new ClassGenException("Branch target of " + OPCODE_NAMES[i.tag] + ":" +
                    inst + " not in instruction list");

      if(i instanceof Select) {
        InstructionHandle[] targets = ((Select)i).getTargets();
        
        for(int j=0; j < targets.length; j++) {
          inst = targets[j].instruction;
          if(!contains(inst))
        throw new ClassGenException("Branch target of " + OPCODE_NAMES[i.tag] + ":" +
                        inst + " not in instruction list");
        }
      }

      if(!(ih instanceof BranchHandle))
        throw new ClassGenException("Branch instruction " + OPCODE_NAMES[i.tag] + ":" +
                    inst + " not contained in BranchHandle.");

    }
      }
    }

    /* Pass 1: Set position numbers and sum up the maximum number of bytes an
     * instruction may be shifted.
     */
    for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next) {
      Instruction i = ih.instruction;

      ih.setPosition(index);
      pos[count++] = index;

      /* Get an estimate about how many additional bytes may be added, because
       * BranchInstructions may have variable length depending on the target
       * offset (short vs. int) or alignment issues (TABLESWITCH and
       * LOOKUPSWITCH).
       */
      switch(i.getTag()) {
      case JSR: case GOTO: max_additional_bytes += 2; break;
      case TABLESWITCH: case LOOKUPSWITCH: max_additional_bytes += 3; break;
      }

      index += i.getLength();
    }
    
    /* Pass 2: Expand the variable-length (Branch)Instructions depending on
     * the target offset (short or int) and ensure that branch targets are
     * within this list.
     */
    for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next)
      additional_bytes += ih.updatePosition(additional_bytes, max_additional_bytes);

    /* Pass 3: Update position numbers (which may have changed due to the
     * preceding expansions), like pass 1.
     */
    index=count=0;
    for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next) {
      Instruction i = ih.instruction;

      ih.setPosition(index);
      pos[count++] = index;
      index += i.getLength();
    }

    byte_positions = pos; // Update byte offsets
  }  
  /**
   * @return length of list (Number of instructions, not bytes)
   */
  public int size() { return length; }  
  public String toString() {
    return toString(true);
  }  
  /**
   * @param verbose toggle output format
   * @return String containing all instructions in this list.
   */ 
  public String toString(boolean verbose) {
    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();

    for(InstructionHandle ih=start; ih != null; ih = ih.next) {
      buf.append(ih.toString(verbose) + "\n");
    }

    return buf.toString();
  }  
}

---